Fiddler Crabs

Uca lactea

Milky Fiddler Crab

Type Description

Ocypode (Gelasimus) lacteus
de Haan, W. 1835. Crustacea. Pp. 25-64 in Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae initinere per Japoniam, jussu et asupiciis superiorum, que summum in India Batava Imperium tennet, suspecto, annis 1833-1850 collegit, notis, observationibus et ambrumbrationibus illustravit, P. F. von Siebold, ed. Lugduni Batavorum.

Information

Subgenus
Austruca
Common Names
Milky Fiddler Crab
Synonyms
Austruca lactea, Celuca lactea, Gelasimus forceps, Ocypode (Gelasimus) lacteus, Tubuca forceps, Uca lacteus
Geographic Range
Indo-West Pacific: China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan
Map data derived from: Shih et al. (2009); Naderloo et al. (2010)

Photos

Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea
Uca lactea

Video

No videos available at this time.

Art

Postage Stamp

References

  • Ahmed, M., and R.A. Kahn. 1976. The occurrence of larval trematode in populations of the fiddler crab Uca lactea (De Haan, 1835) (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) on the coast of Karachi, Pakistan. Crustaceana 31(2):216-217.
  • Ahmed, M., and R.A. Khan. 1978. Development of asymmetry in the claws of the fiddler crab Uca lactea. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 10(1):49-54.
  • Aizawa, N. 2000. Heterospecific timing of waving display in ocypodid crabs Ilyoplax pusilla and Uca lactea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80(5):947-948.
  • Alcock, A. 1900. Materials for a carcinological fauna of India No. 6. The Brachyura Catometopa, or Grapsoidea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 64(3. Part 2):279-456.
  • Armendariz, L.C. 2005. Redescription of the megalopa of the fiddler crab Uca uruguayensis (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) with special emphasis on its setae. Journal of Natural History 39(22):1981-1993.
  • Balss, H. 1938. Die Dekapoda Brachyura von Dr. Sixten Bocks' Pazifik-Expedition, 1917-1918. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhetssam-halles handlinger (5B) 5(7):1-85.
  • Barnard, K.H. 1950. Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea. Annals of the South African Museum 38:1-837.
  • Barnwell, F.H. 1980. Taxonomic differentiation within the lactea-complex of fiddler crabs in the Sunda Shelf region. American Zoologist 20:957.
  • Barnwell, F.H. 1982. The prevalence of male right-handedness in the Indo-West Pacific fiddler crabs Uca vocans (Linnaeus) and U. tetrogonon (Herbst) (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 2(1):70-83.
  • Benetti, A.S., M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo, and T.M. Costa. 2007. Population and reproductive biology of the crab Uca burgersi (Crustacea: Ocypodidae) in three subtropical mangrove forests. Revista De Biologia Tropical 55(Supplement 1):55-70.
  • Bones, L.A. 1983. The behaviour and ecology of Hong Kong fiddler crabs with special reference to Uca lactea and Uca vocans (Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong).
  • Booksmythe, I., T. Detto, and P.R.Y. Backwell. 2008. Female fiddler crabs settle for less: the travel costs of mate choice. Animal Behaviour 76:1775-1781.
  • Bott, R. 1973. Die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen der Uca-Arten (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 54(4-6):315-325.
  • Buitendijk, A.M. 1947. Zoological notes from Port Dickson, III Crustacea Anomura and Brachyura. Zoölogische mededelingen 28:280-284.
  • Cano, G. 1889. Crostacei brachiuri ed Anomuri raccolti nel viaggio della "Vettor Pisani" intorno al globo. Bollettino della Società di Naturalisti in Napoli 3(1):79-105.
  • Cano, G. 1889. Viaggio della R. Corvetta Vettor Pisani attorno al globo. — Crostácei Brachiuri ed Anomuri. Bollettino della Società di Naturalisti in Napoli 3(2):169-268.
  • Castiglioni, D.d.S., and M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo. 2006. Ciclo reprodutivo do caranguejo violinista Uca rapax (Smith) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) habitante de um estuário degradado em Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira De Zoologia 23(2):331-339. {Reproductive cicle of the fiddler crab Uca rapax (Smith) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) at a degraded estuary in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil}
  • Chassard-Bouchaud, C., and P. Galle. 1986. Bioaccumulation d'aluminium par les organismes marins. Mise en évidence par microscopie corpusculaire analytique. Compte Rendus des Séances l’Académie des Sciences Série III 302(2):55-61. {Aluminium bioaccumulation by marine organisms. A microanalytical ion and X ray spectrometry study}
  • Chen, G.-C., and Y. Ye. 2011. Restoration of Aegiceras corniculatum mangroves in Jiulongjiang Estuary changed macro-benthic faunal community. Ecological Engineering 37(2):224-228.
  • Christy, J.H. 1987. Competitive mating, mate choice and mating associations of brachyuran crabs. Bulletin of Marine Science 41(2):177-191.
  • Christy, J.H. 1988. Pillar function in the fiddler crab Uca beebei (I): Effects on male spacing and aggression. Ethology 78:53-71.
  • Christy, J.H., and M. Salmon. 1984. Ecology and evolution of mating systems of fiddler crabs (genus Uca). Biological Reviews 59:483-509.
  • Christy, J.H., and M. Salmon. 1991. Comparative studies of reproductive behavior in mantis shrimps and fiddler crabs. American Zoologist 31:329-337.
  • Christy, J.H., and U.M. Schober. 1994. A test for resource-defence mating in the fiddler crab Uca beebei. Animal Behaviour 48(4):795-802.
  • Costa, T., and A. Soares-Gomes. 2011. Population dynamics and secondary production of Uca rapax (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in a tropical coastal lagoon, southeast Brazil. Journal of Crustacean Biology 31(1):66-74.
  • Costa, T.M., and M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo. 2002. Population biology of Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900 (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in a subtropical South American mangrove area: Results from transect and catch-per-unit-effort techniques. Crustaceana 75(10):1201-1218.
  • Costa, T.M., S.M.J. Silva, and M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo. 2006. Reproductive pattern comparison of Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900 and U. uruguayensis Nobili, 1901 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49(1):117-123.
  • Crane, J. 1957. Basic patterns of display in fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae, Genus Uca). Zoologica NY 42:69-82.
  • Crane, J. 1966. Combat, display and ritualization in fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae, genus Uca). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 251:459-472.
  • Crane, J. 1967. Combat and its ritualization in fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae) with special reference to Uca rapax (Smith). Zoologica NY 52:49-77.
  • Crane, J. 1975. Fiddler Crabs of the World: Ocypodidae: Genus Uca Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Croll, G.A., and J.B. McClintock. 2002. An analysis of cheliped asymmetry in three species of fiddler crabs. Gulf of Mexico Science 20(2):106-109.
  • Dai, A.-y., and S.-l. Yang. 1991. Crabs of the China Seas Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • De, C. 2009. Uca marionis mud volcanoes: A unique ichnological tool from the Bay of Bengal coast of India for ready assessment of beach stability. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 27(2):79-95.
  • de Haan, W. 1833-1850. Crustacea. Pp. 1-243 in Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava Imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit, P.F. von Siebold, ed. Amsterdam: Lugduni Batavorum.
  • deRivera, C.E. 2003. Behavioral and ecological correlates of female mate searching in the fiddler crab Uca crenulata. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 15(3):235-249.
  • deRivera, C.E., and S.L. Vehrencamp. 2001. Male versus female mate searching in fiddler crabs: A comparative analysis. Behavioral Ecology 12(2):182-191.
  • Detto, T., J. Zeil, R.D. Magrath, and S. Hunt. 2004. Sex, size and colour in a semi-terrestrial crab, Heloecius cordiformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 302(1):1-15.
  • Dyson, M.L. 2008. Factors affecting mating tactics in the fiddler crab, Uca vocans hesperiae. Ethology 114(1):75-84.
  • Figueiredo, J., G. Penha-Lopes, J. Anto, L. Narciso, and J. Lin. 2008. Potential fertility and egg development (volume, water, lipid, and fatty acid content) through embryogenesis of Uca rapax (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 28(3):528-533.
  • Fukui, Y., K. Wada, and C.-H. Wang. 1989. Ocypodidae, Mictyridae and Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) from some coasts of Taiwan. Journal of the Taiwan Museum 42(1):225-238.
  • Gee, N.G. 1925. Tentative list of Chinese decapod Crustacea including those represented in the collection of the U.S.N.M. with localities at which collected. Lingnan Agricultural Review 3(2):156-166.
  • Gordon, I. 1931. Brachyura from the coasts of China. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 37(254):525-558.
  • Goshima, S., and M. Murai. 1988. Mating investment of male fiddler crabs, Uca lactea. Animal Behaviour 36(4):1249-1251.
  • Guinot, D. 1979. Données nouvelles sur la morphologie, la phylogenèse et la taxonomie des crustacés décapodes brachyoures. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 112A:1-354.
  • Hartnoll, R.G. 1988. Eco-ethology of mangroves. Pp. 477-489 in Behavioral Adaptation to Intertidal Life, G. Chelazzi and M. Vannini, eds. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Henmi, Y. 2003. Trade-off between brood size and brood interval and the evolution of underground incubation in three fiddler crabs (Uca perplexa, U. vocans, and U. dussumieri). Journal of Crustacean Biology 23(1):46-54.
  • Ho, P.-H., C.-H. Wang, J.-T. Lin, and H.-P. Yu. 1993. First record of the fiddler crab Uca tetragonon (Herbst, 1790) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae) from Taiwan, with notes on its handedness. Journal of the Taiwan Museum 46(1):17-25.
  • How, M.J., J. Zeil, and J.M. Hemmi. 2007. Differences in context and function of two distinct waving displays in the fiddler crab, Uca perplexa (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62(1):137-148.
  • Hsieh, H.-L., C.-P. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, and H.-H. Yang. 2002. Diversity of benthic organic matter flows through polychaetes and crabs in a mangrove estuary: d13C and d34S signals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227:145-155.
  • Huang, J.-F., H.-P. Yu, and M. Takeda. 1989. Fiddler crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica 28(3):191-209.
  • Iguchi, R., M. Tajima, and K. Wada. 1997. Distribution of fiddler crabs, Uca arcuata and Uca lactea in the Yoshino River Estuary and vicinities (Tokushima Prefecture). Bulletin of the Tokushima Prefectural Museum(7 September 1997):69-79.
  • Johnson, P.T.J. 2003. Biased sex ratios in fiddler crabs (Brachyura, Ocypodidae): A review and evaluation of the influence of sampling method, size class, and sex-specific mortality. Crustaceana 76(5):559-580.
  • Jones, D.S., and B. Morton. 1994. The fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae: Uca) of Hong Kong. Asian Marine Biology 11:9-40.
  • Kamita, T. 1935. On the Brachyura of the west Korean waters (Yellow Sea). Zoological Magazine 47:61,69.
  • Kellogg, C.R. 1928. Crustacea of Fukien Province. Lingnan Science Journal 5(4):351-356.
  • Kim, T.W. 2010. Food storage and carrion feeding in the fiddler crab Uca lactea. Aquatic Biology 10(1):33-39.
  • Kim, T.W., and J.C. Choe. 2003. The effect of food availability on the semilunar courtship rhythm in the fiddler crab Uca lactea (de Haan) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54(3):210-217.
  • Kim, T.W., and J.C. Choe. 2003. Erratum: The effect of food availability on the semilunar courtship rhythm in the fiddler crab Uca lactea (de Haan) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55(1):112.
  • Kim, T.W., J.H. Christy, and J.C. Choe. 2004. Semidome building as sexual signaling in the fiddler crab Uca lactea (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 24(4):673-679.
  • Kim, T.W., K.W. Kim, R.B. Srygley, and J.C. Choe. 2004. Semilunar courtship rhythm of the fiddler crab Uca lactea in a habitat with great tidal variation. Journal of Ethology 22(1):63-68.
  • Kim, T.W., T.G. Kim, and J.C. Choe. 2005. The evolution of courtship structure building in fiddler crabs: Has it evolved for predation avoidance in both sexes? Integrative and Comparative Biology 45(6):1025.
  • Kim, T.W., T.K. Kim, and J.C. Choe. 2010. Compensation for homing errors by using courtship structures as visual landmarks. Behavioral Ecology 21(4):836-842.
  • Kim, T.W., K. Sakamoto, Y. Henmi, and J.C. Choe. 2008. To court or not to court: reproductive decisions by male fiddler crabs in response to fluctuating food availability. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62(7):1139-1147.
  • Kim, W., and S.H. Kim. 1995. The brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Chindo Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 11(4):497-508.
  • Kingsley, J.S. 1880. Carcinological notes, No. II.-Revision of the Gelasimi. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1880(1):135-155.
  • Kitaura, J., K. Wada, and M. Nishida. 1998. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of unique mud-using territorial behavior in Ocypodid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(6):626-637.
  • Ko, H.S., and C.H. Kim. 1989. Complete larval development of Uca arcuata (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 5(2):89-105.
  • Koga, T., P.R.Y. Backwell, M.D. Jennions, and J.H. Christy. 1998. Elevated predation risk changes mating behaviour and courtship in a fiddler crab. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 265B:1385-1390.
  • Koga, T., M. Murai, S. Goshima, and S. Poovachiranon. 2000. Underground mating in the fiddler crab Uca tetragonon: The association between female life history traits and male mating tactics. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 248(1):35-52.
  • Krauss, F. 1843. Die Süd-Afrikanische Crustaceen. Eine Zusammenstellung aller bekannten Malacostraca . . . E. schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart.
  • Levinton, J.S., C. Sturmbauer, and J.H. Christy. 1996. Molecular data and biogeography: Resolution of a controversy over evolutionary history of a pan-tropical group of invertebrates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 203(1):117-131.
  • Liao, S.-W., W.-L. Chang, and S.-W. Lin. 2008. Status and habitat preferences for endemic inhabitants of fiddler crab Uca formosensis in Hsiang-Shan wetland, Taiwan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 143(1-3):203-214.
  • Lin, C.C. 1949. A catalogue of brachyurous Crustacea of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 2(1):10-33.
  • Lin, H.-C., Y.-C. Su, and S.-H. Su. 2002. A comparative study of osmoregulation in four fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae: Uca). Zoological Science 19(6):643-650.
  • Litulo, C. 2004. Reproductive aspects of a tropical population of the fiddler crab Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) at Costa do Sol Mangrove, Maputo Bay, southern Mozambique. Hydrobiologia 525(1-3):167-173.
  • Litulo, C. 2005. Population biology of the fiddler crab Uca annulipes (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in a tropical East African mangrove (Mozambique). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 62:283-290.
  • Maccagno, T. 1928. Crostacei Decapodi. Le specie del genere Uca Leach conservate nel Regio Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino 41(11):1-52.
  • Macnae, W. 1966. Mangroves in eastern and southern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 14(1):67-104.
  • Masunari, S. 2006. Distribuição e abundância dos caranguejos Uca Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) na Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira De Zoologia 23(4):901-914. {Distribution and abundance of fiddler crabs Uca Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) in Guaratuba Bay, Parana State, southern Brazil}
  • Masunari, S., and N. Dissenha. 2005. Alometria no crescimento de Uca mordax (Smith) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) na Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira De Zoologia 22(4):984-990. {Allometric growth in the fiddler crab Uca mordax (Smith) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) from Guaratuba Bay, Parana, Brazil}
  • Masunari, S., N. Dissenha, and R.C. Falcão. 2005. Crescimento relativo e destreza dos quelípodos de Uca maracoani (Latreille) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) no Baixio Mirim, Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira De Zoologia 22(4):974-983. {Relative growth and handedness in the fiddler crab Uca maracoani (Latreille) (Crustacea Decapoda Ocypodidae) in the Baixio Mirim, Guaratuba Bay, Parana, Brazil}
  • Mauroka, K. 1976. The post larval development of Uca lactea and Macrophthalmus japonicus Crustacea Brachyura Ocypodidae. Zoological Magazine 85(1):40-51.
  • Meziane, T., M.C. Sanabe, and M. Tsuchiya. 2002. Role of fiddler crabs of a subtropical intertidal flat on the fate of sedimentary fatty acids. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 270(2):191-201.
  • Miers, E.J. 1879. On a collection of Crustacea made by Capt. H. C. St. John, R. N., in the Corean and Japanese Seas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879(1):18-61.
  • Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Historie naturelle des crustaces comprenant l-anatomie, la physiologie et las classification des ces animaux, Volume 2 Paris.
  • Milne Edwards, H. 1852. Observations sur les affinités zoologiques et la classification naturelle des crustacés. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie (Série 3) 18:109-166.
  • Miyake, S. 1936. Reports on the Brachyura of Riukiu Islands collected by the Yaéyama expeditions during the years 1932-34. II. A list of the known species of the Brachyura from Ishigaki-shima. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 15(4):506-513.
  • Miyake, S. 1938. Notes on decapod crustaceans collected by Prof. Teiso Esaki from Micronesia. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 17(1):107-112.
  • Miyake, S. 1939. Notes on Crustacea Brachyura colleced by Professor Teiso Esak's Micronesia Expeditions 1937-1938 together with a check list of Micronesian Brachyura. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 10(2):168-247.
  • Miyawaki, M., and T. Tsurada. 1985. The response of midgut red chromatophores of the shrimp, Caridina denticulata, to the eyestalk hormone of different decapod species. Proceedings of the Japan Academy 61B(3):113-115.
  • Morton, B., and J. Morton. 1983. The Sea Shore Ecology of Hong Kong Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Morton, B., and J. Morton. 1994. The Sea Shore Ecology of Hong Kong Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Murai, M. 1992. Courtship activity of wandering and burrow-holding male Uca arcuata. Ethology 92:124-134.
  • Murai, M., and S. Goshima. 1987. The mating system of Uca lactea an Indo-Pacific species of subgenus Celuca. Bulletin of Marine Science 41(2):639.
  • Murai, M., S. Goshima, and Y. Henmi. 1987. Analysis of the mating system of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Animal Behaviour 35(5):1334-1342.
  • Murai, M., S. Goshima, K. Kawai, and H.-S. Yong. 1996. Pair formation in the burrows of the fiddler crab Uca rosea (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 16(3):522-528.
  • Murai, M., S. Goshima, and Y. Nakasone. 1983. Adaptive droving behavior observed in the fiddler crab Uca vocans vocans. Marine Biology 76:159-164.
  • Murai, M., T. Koga, S. Goshima, and S. Poovachiranon. 1995. Courtship and the evolution of underground mating in Uca tetragonon (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 15(4):655-658.
  • Murai, M., T. Koga, and H.-S. Yong. 2002. The assessment of female reproductive state during courtship and scramble competition in the fiddler crab, Uca paradussumieri. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 52(2):137-142.
  • Muramatsu, D. 2010. Temporary loss of a sexual signal (claw loss) affects the frequency of sand structure construction in the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 22(1):87-93.
  • Muramatsu, D.M. 2005. Tactics difference effects on the structure building in the fiddler crab (Uca lactea)in Advances in Ethology; Contributions to the XXIX International Ethological Conference.
  • Muraoka, K. 1976. The post-larval development of Uca lactea (de Haan) and Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus (de Haan) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Zoological Magazine 85(1):40-51.
  • Naderloo, R., M. Türkay, and H.-L. Chen. 2010. Taxonomic revision of the wide-front fiddler crabs of the Uca lactea group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 2500:1-38.
  • Nakasone, Y., H.-a. Akamine, and K. Asato. 1983. Ecology of the fiddler crab Uca vocans vocans (Linnaeus) (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) II. Relation between the mating system and the drove. Galaxea 2:119-133.
  • Oliveira, R.F., P.K. McGregor, F.R.L. Burford, M.R. Custódio, and C. Latruffe. 1998. Functions of mudballing behaviour in the European fiddler crab Uca tangeri. Animal Behaviour 55(5):1299-1309.
  • Ono, Y. 1959. The ecological studies on Brachyura in the estuary. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station at Asamushi 9(4):145-148.
  • Ono, Y. 1962. On the habitat preferences of Ocypoid crabs I. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. Series E (Biology) 3E(2):143-163.
  • Ono, Y. 1965. On the ecological distribution of ocypoid crabs in the estuary. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. Series E (Biology) 4E(1):1-60.
  • Ortmann, A.E. 1894. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Döderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. VIII. Abtheilung: Brachyura (Brachyura genuina Boas) III. Unterabtheilung: Cancroidea, 2. Section: Canerinea, 2. Gruppe: Catametopa. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 7(5):683-772.
  • Ortmann, A.E. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 10(3):258-372.
  • Overstreet, R.M. 1983. Metazonan symbionts of crustaceans. Pp. 155-250 in The Biology of Crustacea Volume 6. Pathobiology, A.J. Provenzano, Jr., ed. New York: Academic Press.
  • Parisi, B. 1918. I Decapodi giapponesi del Museo di Milano. VI. Catumetopa e Paguridea. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Ciivico di Storia Naturale in Milano 57:90-115.
  • Pesta, O. 1911. Crustacea. I. Decapoda Brachyura aus Samoa. Pp. 36-56, 57-65 in Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungsreise nach den Samoa-Inseln, dem Neuguinea-Archipel und den Salomonsinseln, K. Rechinger, ed.: Alfred Holder.
  • Rabalais, N.N., and J.N. Cameron. 1983. Abbreviated development of Uca subcylindrica (Stimpson, 1859) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology 3(4):519-541.
  • Rosenberg, M.S. 2000. The Comparative Claw Morphology, Phylogeny, and Behavior of Fiddler Crabs (Genus Uca). Pp. 182 in Ecology and Evolution (Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York at Stony Brook).
  • Rosenberg, M.S. 2002. Fiddler crab claw shape variation: A geometric morphometric analysis across the genus Uca. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75(2):147-162.
  • Rupp, H.-G. 2012. Winkerkrabben im Aquarium - eine echte Herausforderung. Koralle 78:52-58.
  • Saigusa, M., T. Okochi, and S. Ikei. 2003. Nocturnal occurrence, and synchrony with tidal and lunar cycles, in the invertebrate assemblage of a subtropical estuary. Acta Oecologica 24:S191-S204.
  • Sakai, T. 1934. Brachyura from the coast of Kyushu, Japan. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku 1B(25):281-330.
  • Sakai, T. 1936. Report on the Brachyura collected by Mr. F. Hiro at Palao [Pelew] Islands. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku 2B:155-177.
  • Sakai, T. 1939. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha. Pp. 365-741 in Studies on the Crabs of Japan., Volume IV. Tokyo: Yokendo Ltd.
  • Sakai, T. 1940. Bio-geographic review on the distribution of crabs in Japanese waters. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 11(1):27-63.
  • Salmon, M., and N. Zucker. 1988. Interpreting differences in the reproductive behavior of fiddler crabs (genus Uca). Pp. 387-407 in Behavioral Adaptation to Intertidal Life, G. Chelazzi and M. Vannini, eds., Volume 151. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Sasaki, H., and K. Wada. 1997. A field experiment on distributional process of the fiddler crab Uca lactea. Nanki Seibutu 39(2):113-118.
  • Schenkel, E. 1902. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Dekapodenfauna von Celebes. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 13:385-585.
  • Seno, H., and M. Shigemoto. 2007. A mathematical modelling for the cheliped regeneration with handedness in fiddler crab. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 69(1):77-92.
  • Severinghaus, L.L., and H.-C. Lin. 1990. The reproductive behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab (Uca lactea lactea) in mid-Taiwan. Behaviour 113(3-4):292-308.
  • Shen, C.J. 1940. The brachyuran fauna of Hong Kong. Journal of the Hong Kong Fisheries Research Station 1(2):211-242.
  • Shigi, M., T. Koga, and T. Kifune. 2005. Infection of digenean trematode parasite in five species of brachyuran crabs in the tidal flats of Wakayama City. Nanki Seibutu 47(1):33-36.
  • Shih, H.-T. 1994. Fiddler Crabs Kaohsiung, Taiwan: National Museum of Marine Biology/Aquarium. {施習德} {招潮蟹}
  • Shih, H.-T. 1997. The fiddler crab, Uca formosensis, belong to Formosa. Where should the go? -- The present condition of an endemic fiddler crab of Taiwan. Taiwan Natural Science 54:68-80. {施習德} {屬於福爾摩莎的「台灣招潮」，何去何從？ — 記台灣特有種招潮蟹的現況}
  • Shih, H.-T., E. Kamrani, P.J.F. Davie, and M.-Y. Liu. 2009. Genetic evidence for the recognition of two fiddler crabs, Uca iranica and U. albimana (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), from the northwestern Indian Ocean, with notes on the U. lactea species-complex. Hydrobiologia 635:373-382.
  • Shih, H.-T., H.-K. Mok, H.-W. Chang, and S.-C. Lee. 1999. Morphology of Uca formosensis Rathbun, 1921 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae), an endemic fiddler crab from Taiwan, with notes on its ecology. Zoological Studies 38(2):164-177.
  • Shih, H.-T., T. Naruse, and P.K.L. Ng. 2010. Uca jocelynae sp. nov., a new species of fiddler crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from the Western Pacific. Zootaxa 2337:47-62.
  • Shih, H.-T., P.K.L. Ng, K.J.H. Wong, and B.K.K. Chan. 2012. Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait. Zootaxa 3490:30-47.
  • Shih, J.-T. 1992. The population variation of Uca lactea (De Haan, 1835) in Tanshui mangrove swamp of Taiwan. Annual of Taiwan Museum 35:67-78.
  • Shimanaga, M., T. Masuda, and Y. Henmi. 2012. Fine scale meiofaunal distribution around burrows of Ocypodoids (Decapoda, Ocypodoidea) in tidal flat sediments. Crustaceana 85(8):953-974.
  • Shin, P.K.S., M.W. Yiu, and S.G. Cheung. 2004. Behavioural adaptations of the fiddler crabs Uca vocans borealis (Crane) and Uca lactea lactea (De Haan) for coexistence on an intertidal shore. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 37(3):147-160.
  • Spivak, E.D., and J.A. Cuesta. 2009. The effect of salinity on larval development of Uca tangeri (Eydoux, 1835) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) and new findings of the zoeal morphology. Scientia Marina 73(2):297-305.
  • Stebbing, T.R.R. 1917. The Malacostraca of Natal. Annals of the Durban Museum 2:1-33.
  • Stimpson, W. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quæ in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars. V. Crustacea Ocypodoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10:93-110.
  • Stimpson, W. 1907. Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 (with introductory note, and edited by Mary J. Rathbun). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 49(1717):1-240.
  • Sturmbauer, C., J.S. Levinton, and J.H. Christy. 1996. Molecular phylogeny analysis of fiddler crabs: Test of the hypothesis of increasing behavioral complexity in evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93(20):10855-10857.
  • Takahasi, S. 1935. Ecological notes on the ocypodian crabs (Ocypodidæ) in Formosa, Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 15(1):78-87.
  • Takeda, M., and T. Yamaguchi. 1973. Occurences of abnormal males in a fiddler crab, Uca marionis (Desmarest), with notes on asymmetry of chelipeds. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 9:13-20. {武田正倫 and 山口隆男} {ヒメシオマネキ (incomplete)}
  • Takeda, S. 2003. Mass wandering in the reproductive season by the fiddler crab Uca perplexa (Decapoda: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 23(3):723-728.
  • Tanaka, H., K. Shibagaki, H. Ikezawa, A. Kanesawa, and K. Wada. 2004. Occurrence of two species of fiddler crab (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) on the tidal flat of the Aono River, Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Japanese Journal of Benthology 59:8-12.
  • Tesch, J.J. 1918. Decapoda F. Hymenosomidae, Retroplumidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae and Gecarcinidae. Pp. 1-148 in Siboga Expeditie, Volume 82, Monograph 39c. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • Thurman, C.L., II. 2003. Osmoregulation by six species of fiddler crabs (Uca) from the Mississippi delta area in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 291(2):233-253.
  • Thurman, C.L., II. 2005. A comparison of osmoregulation among subtropical fiddler crabs (Uca) from southern Florida and California. Bulletin of Marine Science 77(1):83-100.
  • Tsai, J.-R., and H.-C. Lin. 2007. V-type H+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase in the gills of 13 euryhaline crabs during salinity acclimation. Journal of Experimental Biology 210(4):620-627.
  • Vannini, M. 1980. Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle. 27. Burrows and digging behaviour in Ocypode and other crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Monitore zoologico italiano (N. S. supplemento) 13(2):11-44.
  • von Hagen, H.-O. 1970. Zur Deutung langstielger und gehörnter Augen bei Ocypodiden (Decapoda, Brachyura). forma et functio 2:13-57. {On the significance of elongated and horned eyes in Ocypodid crabs}
  • Weissburg, M.J. 1991. Morphological correlates of male claw asymmetry in the fiddler crab Uca pugnax (Smith) (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana 61(1):11-20.
  • Won, K., and K. Sa Heung. 1995. The brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Chindo Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 11(4):497-508.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1970. Ecology of a fiddler crab (Uca lactea). Calanus. Bulletin of the Aitsu Marine Biological Station 2:5-30. {山口隆男} {ハクセンシオマネキの生態}
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1971. Courtship behavior of a fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Kumamoto Journal of Science: Biology 10(1):13-37.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1973. Asymmetry and dimorphism of chelipeds in the fiddler crab, Uca lactea De Haan. Zoological Magazine 82(3):154-158. {山口隆男} {ハクセンシオマネキ (incomplete)}
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1977. Studies on the handedness of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Biological Bulletin 152(3):424-436.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1983. Representative shore animals in the Amakusa Islands (1). The fiddler crab, Uca lactea lactea (De Haan). Calanus. Bulletin of the Aitsu Marine Biological Station 8:25-32. {山口隆男} {天草を代表する海岸動物（１）ハクセンシオマネキ（Uca lactea lactea）}
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1998. Evidence of actual copulation in the burrow in the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (de Haan, 1835) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 71(5):565-570.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 1998. Longevity of sperm of the fiddler crab Uca lactea (de Haan, 1835) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 71(6):712-713.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2000. Sexual differences in feeding by the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (De Haan). Crustacean Research 29:121-132.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. The breeding period of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in Japan. Crustaceana 74(3):285-293.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. Daytime larval release of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 74(6):545-555.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. Dimorphism of chelipeds in the fiddler crab, Uca arcuata. Crustaceana 74(9):913-923.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. Incubation of eggs and embryonic development of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 74(5):449-458.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. The mating system of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 74(4):389-399.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2001. Seasonal change of the hepatopancreas index in the males of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Crustaceana 74(7):627-634.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2002. Survival rate and age estimation of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (De Haan, 1835) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 75:993-1014.
  • Yamaguchi, T. 2003. Seasonal changes in the energy content of females of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea, especially during the reproductive period. Crustaceana 76(11):1371-1397.
  • Yamaguchi, T., and Y. Henmi. 2001. Studies on the differentiation of handedness in the fiddler crab, Uca arcuata. Crustaceana 74(8):735-747.
  • Yamaguchi, T., Y. Henmi, and R. Ogata. 2005. Sexual differences of the feeding claws and mouthparts of the fiddler crab, Uca arcuata (De Haan, 1833) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 78(10):1233-1263.
  • Yamaguchi, T., Y. Henmi, and S. Tabata. 2005. Hood building and territory usage in the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (De Haan, 1835). Crustaceana 78(9):1117-1141.
  • Yamaguchi, T., and R. Ogata. 2000. Studies of the first and second maxillipeds of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Crustacean Research 29:133-142.
  • Yamaguchi, T., and S. Tabata. 2004. Territory usage and defence of the fiddler crab, Uca lactea (De Haan) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana 77:1055-1080.
  • Yamaguchi, T., and M. Takeda. 1973. Dimorphism of chelipeds and systematic status of a fiddler crab, Uca marionis (Desmarest). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 9:7-12. {山口隆男 and 武田正倫} {ヒメシオマネキ (incomplete)}
  • Zhu, Z., T.W. Kim, and J.C. Choe. 2012. Is female preference for large sexual ornaments due to a bias to escape predation risk? BMC Evolutionary Biology 12.
  • Zucker, N. 1983. Courtship variation in the neo-tropical fiddler crab Uca deichmanni: Another example of female incitation to male competition? Marine Behaviour and Physiology 10(1):57-79.