Fiddler Crabs Home

Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States

Included Within
United States, North America, Atlantic coast of North America
Approximate Coordinates
25.145078°N, 80.706459°W
The red marker indicates the coordinates used to represent this location, yellow markers all other locations contained within this location. Purple markers indicate fossil-only locations or sub-locations.

Includes Subareas

Currently Recognized Species

Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

Specific Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

References

Abbott (1913), Abbott & Dawson (1966), Abele & Kim (1986), Abramowitz (1936), Abramowitz (1937), Abramowitz (1937), Abramowitz (1938), Abramowitz (1940), Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1938), Abramowitz et al. (1944), Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1940), Abreu (1975), Ache (1982), Adams & Quay (1958), Adiyodi & Adiyodi (1970), Adiyodi (1985), Adiyodi (1988), Ahmed (1976), Ahmed (1978), Ahmed & Khan (1978), Aicher et al. (1983), Aicher & Tautz (1984), Aicher & Tautz (1990), Aikawa (1942), Al-Aidaroos (2013), Alleman & Guillen (2017), Allen & Levinton (2002), Allen & Levinton (2004), Allen et al. (1995), Allen & Curran (1973), Allen & Curran (1974), Almeida et al. (2008), Almeida & Coelho (2008), Al-Musawi & Wagner (2012), Altevogt (1955), Altevogt (1955), Altevogt (1957), Altevogt (1957), Altevogt (1959), Altevogt (1962), Altevogt (1963), Altevogt (1964), Altevogt (1966), Altevogt (1969), Altevogt (1970), Altevogt & von Hagen (1964), Anderson et al. (2017), Andrews (1973), Aoki et al. (2003), Asano et al. (2019), Aschaffenburg (2008), Aschoff (1965), Aspey (1971), Aspey (1978), Atkinson & Naylor (1973), Aurivillius (1893), Avent (1974), Avent (1975), Ayanath & Raghavan (2021), Ayers (1938), Bachmann & Rheinsmith (1973), Balbort & Thurman (1997), Balci et al. (2014), Baldwin & Kirschener (1976), Baldwin & Kirschener (1976), Barber et al. (1978), Barclay Terwilliger (1991), Barden & Koulish (1983), Barlow (1977), Barnard et al. (2010), Barnes (1975), Barnwell (1963), Barnwell (1966), Barnwell (1968), Barnwell (1968), Barnwell (1976), Barnwell (1982), Barnwell & Brown (1963), Barnwell et al. (1987), Bartell (1967), Bartell et al. (1971), Basan (1973), Basan & Frey (1977), Bayley (1972), Becker & Hinsch (1982), Behre (1950), Beinlich & von Hagen (2006), Bell et al. (1978), Benetti & Negreiros-Fransozo (2003), Bennett (1963), Bennett & Brown (1959), Bennett & Brown (1959), Bennett et al. (1957), Bent (1926), Bergey & Weis (2006), Bergey & Weis (2007), Bergey & Weis (2008), Bergin (1981), Bertness (1992), Bildstein (1983), Bildstein (1984), Bildstein (1987), Bildstein et al. (1990), Bishop (1993), Blanquet (1968), Blewett et al. (2006), Bliss (1960), Bliss (1968), Bliss (1979), Boone (1929), Boone (1930), Borgianini et al. (2005), Borgianini et al. (2007), Borgianini et al. (2007), Bosc (1802), Bott (1954), Bott (1973), Bourdon & Bowman (1970), Bowerman (1977), Breteler et al. (1981), Brett et al. (1959), Brickell (1737), Bright & Hogue (1972), Brodie (2004), Brodie & Godley (2006), Brodie & Staton (2004), Brodie & Staton (2003), Broghammer & Thurman (1996), Brookins & Epifanio (1985), Brousseau et al. (2003), Brown (1940), Brown (1948), Brown (1950), Brown (1950), Brown (1959), Brown (1960), Brown (1961), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1956), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1956), Brown & Cunningham (1941), Brown & Ederstrom (1940), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1953), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1949), Brown et al. (1949), Brown & Hines (1952), Brown & Jones (1949), Brown & Sandeen (1948), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1949), Brown & Scudamore (1940), Brown & Stephens (1951), Brown & Webb (1948), Brown & Webb (1948), Brown & Webb (1949), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1958), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1955), Brown & Loveland (1980), Brusca (1980), Bumpus (1898), Buranelli & Mantelatto (2019), Burgers (1958), Burkenroad (1947), Burns (1976), Burns & Teal (1979), Bursey (1982), Bursey (1985), Burton (2015), Buscaino et al. (2015), Cain & Cohen (2014), Callahan & Weis (1983), Camacho et al. (2015), Cameron & Mangum (1983), Cammen et al. (1982), Cammen et al. (1980), Cammen et al. (1984), Cano (1889), Carlisle & Knowles (1959), Carlson (1935), Carlson (1936), Catesby (1743), Chabot et al. (2016), Chace & Hobbs (1969), Chang & O'Connor (1983), Charniaux-Cotton & Payen (1985), Christiansen & Yang (1976), Christopher & Salmon (2005), Christy (1978), Christy (1979), Christy (1982), Chrzanowski & Cowley (1977), Chung et al. (1998), Chung et al. (1998), Clark (1896), Clark (1935), Claussen et al. (2008), Claybrook (1976), Claybrook (1983), Coelho (1994/1995), Coelho et al. (2008), Coelho & Coelho-Filho (1993), Cohen & Kern (2012), Colby & Fonseca (1981), Coluccy et al. (2015), Conan (1985), Conde & Díaz (1985), Conn & Bechler (1996), Coohill (1982), Coohill et al. (1970), Coohill & Fingerman (1975), Coohill & Fingerman (1976), Cooper-Boemmels et al. (2001), Correia & Guimarães (2016), Costa et al. (2001), Costlow (1961), Costlow (1963), Coues (1871), Coventry (1944), Coward et al. (1970), Cowley & Chrzanowski (1979), Cowley & Chrzanowski (1980), Cowley & Frye (1978), Crane (1941), Crane (1943), Crane (1943), Crane (1944), Crane (1957), Crane (1958), Crane (1975), Cremonte et al. (2007), Cripe & Livingston (1977), Croker & Wilson (1965), Croll & Klinger (1994), Croll & McClintock (2000), Croll & McClintock (2000), Crotty et al. (2020), Curran & Martin (2003), Dall (1971), Dame & Vernberg (1973), Dame & Vernberg (1978), Darbonne & Heagler (1998), Darby (1935), Darby (1935), Darley (1985), Darley et al. (1981), Darnell et al. (2012), Darnell (1959), Davis (1978), Davis & Costlow (1974), Davis & Hagadorn (1982), De (2000), De (2009), de Gibert et al. (2013), De Haan (1833-1850), De Kay (1844), De la Cruz (1973), de la Cruz & Davidson (1983), De Santo (1992), De Santo et al. (1997), de Vries & Forward (1988), de Vries & Forward (1990), Dean & Vernberg (1965), Dean & Vernberg (1966), DeCoursey (1976), DeCoursey (1979), DeCoursey (1980), DeCoursey (1981), DeCoursey (1983), DeCoursey & Vernberg (1972), Deecaraman & Milton (1992), del Castillo et al. (2015), Dembowski (1925), Dembowski (1926), Démeusy (1957), Denger & Tankersley (2005), DePew & Towle (1979), Desmarest (1823), Desmarest (1825), Detto et al. (2004), Devi et al. (1993), Devi (1987), Devi & Rao (1989), Devi & Rao (1989), Dexter (1985), Dietrich (1979), Dircksen et al. (1988), Dircksen et al. (1987), Dittel & Epifanio (1982), Dittel et al. (2000), Doflein (1899), Doherty (1982), Dores & Herman (1980), Dores & Herman (1981), dos Santos et al. (2019), Dreher et al. (2015), Dudley & Judy (1971), Dukes et al. (2004), Dukes et al. (2004), Dumortier (1963), Dumortier (1963), Duncker (1903), Dunham & Gilchrist (1988), Dunn et al. (1990), Duobinis-Gray & Hackney (1982), Duval (1994), Duval (1995), Duval (1996), Duval & Rittschof (1997), Dybas (2018), Eastman-Reks & Fingerman (1984), Eastman-Reks & Fingerman (1985), Edney (1960), Edney (1961), Edwards (1950), Eisen et al. (1970), Eisen et al. (1973), Eisen & Jeffrey (1969), El Serehy et al. (1994), Elango (1990), Ellis & Claybrook (1979), Ellis & Claybrook (1980), Emmerson (1990), Emmerson (1994), Engel (1973), Engel et al. (1971), Enright (1965), Epifanio (1988), Epifanio (1988), Epifanio et al. (1988), Epifanio et al. (2013), Eshky (1992), Estampador (1937), Estampador (1959), Evans et al. (1976), Everest (1978), Everest & Davis (1979), Fabricius (1775), Fang et al. (2013), Farhadi et al. (2020), Farron et al. (2020), Feest (1969), Felder et al. (2009), Felder et al. (1985), Felgenhauer & Abele (1983), Fell et al. (2003), Fell & Williams (1985), Fernandes et al. (2020), Ferraris & Norenburg (1997), Fielder et al. (1971), Fielder et al. (1971), Fingerman (1955), Fingerman (1956), Fingerman (1956), Fingerman (1957), Fingerman (1957), Fingerman (1959), Fingerman (1960), Fingerman (1965), Fingerman (1966), Fingerman (1970), Fingerman (1970), Fingerman (1973), Fingerman (1974), Fingerman (1988), Fingerman (1988), Fingerman & Bartell (1969), Fingerman & Bartell (1973), Fingerman et al. (1971), Fingerman & Couch (1967), Fingerman et al. (1966), Fingerman et al. (1966), Fingerman & Fingerman (1972), Fingerman & Fingerman (1974), Fingerman & Fingerman (1975), Fingerman & Fingerman (1977), Fingerman et al. (1974), Fingerman & Fitzpatrick (1956), Fingerman et al. (1981), Fingerman et al. (1981), Fingerman et al. (1981), Fingerman et al. (1985), Fingerman et al. (1998), Fingerman et al. (1974), Fingerman et al. (1994), Fingerman et al. (1958), Fingerman et al. (1963), Fingerman et al. (1964), Fingerman & Rao (1969), Fingerman & Rao (1969), Fingerman & Rao (1970), Fingerman et al. (1967), Fingerman et al. (1969), Fingerman & Rosenberg (1988), Fingerman et al. (1978), Fingerman & Yamamoto (1964), Fingerman & Yamamoto (1967), Fingerman (1985), Fingerman & Fingerman (1976), Fingerman & Fingerman (1977), Fingerman & Fingerman (1977), Fingerman & Fingerman (1978), Fingerman & Fingerman (1979), Fingerman & Fingerman (1980), Fingerman et al. (1979), Fish (1925), Fisher (1960), Fisk (1941), Fitz & Wiegert (1991), Fleeger (1980), Fleming et al. (1976), Flores et al. (2013), Florkin (1960), Florkin (1960), Ford & Feuerhelm (2020), Formanowicz & Brodie (1988), Forward (1977), Forward & Cronin (1979), Forward et al. (2003), Fotheringham & Brunenmeister (1975), Fowler (1911), Fowler (1912), Frankenberg & Burbanck (1963), Fransen et al. (1997), Frey et al. (1973), Frey & Mayou (1970), Frith & Brunenmeister (1980), Gäde (1979), Gamble & Lovell (2011), Garcia (2001), García-Madrigal et al. (2022), Gardner (1990), Gardner et al. (1987), Gardner et al. (1992), Gardner et al. (1988), George et al. (1957), Geraert (2013), Gerstaecker & Ortmann (1901), Ghidalia (1985), Gibbes (1850), Gibbs (1974), Gibbs & Bryan (1972), Giblin et al. (1980), Giblin et al. (1983), Giblock & Crain (2013), Gilles & Péqueux (1983), Girish et al. (2015), Girish et al. (2017), Gismondi (2018), Gong et al. (2022), Gong et al. (2015), Gong et al. (2015), Goshima & Murai (1988), Gould (1841), Govind & Atwood (1982), Grahame (1983), Grant & Eisen (1980), Grant et al. (1981), Grant et al. (1980), Grant et al. (1983), Grant (1992), Gray (1942), Gray (1957), Grebel & Weis (1990), Green (1964), Green (1967), Green (1969), Green (1970), Green & Neff (1969), Green & Neff (1972), Greenaway (1988), Greenspan (1975), Greenspan (1980), Grimes (1976), Grissell (1981), Grunbaum (2014), Guchardi & Govind (1990), Guimond et al. (2020), Guinot-Dumortier & Dumortier (1960), Gulmann & Mullineaux (2001), Günther (1963), Gurney (1960), Guyselman (1950), Guyselman (1953), Hackney & de la Cruz (1981), Haefner (1985), Hagen & Zou (2017), Hailman (1977), Haines (1976), Haines (1976), Haines & Montague (1979), Hammerstein (1981), Hannan & Evans (1973), Hanson & Lagadic (2005), Hanson et al. (2002), Hanström (1935), Hanumante et al. (1984), Hanumante & Fingerman (1981), Hanumante & Fingerman (1981), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1983), Hanumante et al. (1981), Harkema & Miller (1962), Harrington & Bidlingmayer (1958), Hartnoll (1969), Hartnoll (1982), Hartnoll (1985), Hartnoll (1988), Hartnoll (1988), Hartnoll (1988), Hawes & Perry (1978), Hay & Shore (1915-1916), Hazlett (1972), Headstrom (1979), Heard (1970), Heard (1975), Heard (1976), Heard (1977), Heard (1982), Heard (1982), Heard & Kinsella (1995), Heard & Overstreet (1983), Hedgecock et al. (1982), Hedgpeth (1950), Hediger (1934), Hegarty & Kight (2014), Heilprin (1888), Heit (1974), Heit & Fingerman (1975), Herbst (1782), Herklots (1861), Herman & Dallmann (1975), Hernández Roa et al. (2009), Herreid (1969), Herreid (1969), Herreid & Full (1988), Herrick (1887), Herrnkind (1966), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1972), Herrnkind (1983), Hilgendorf (1869), Hines (1982), Hines (1953), Hines (1954), Hippensteel & Martin (2001), Hoadley (1937), Hockett & Kritzler (1972), Hoffert et al. (1975), Holliman (1978), Holmes (1908), Holthuis (1956), Holthuis (1959), Holthuis (1967), Honegger (1973), Honegger (1973), Honegger (1976), Hopkins (1983), Hopkins (1985), Hopkins (1985), Horch & Salmon (1969), Horch et al. (1980), Horch et al. (2002), Horlick & Subrahmanyam (1983), Hotard & Zou (2013), Hotard & Zou (2008), Houser & Epifanio (2009), Howell (1932), Hsiang & Premuzic (1975), Hugie (2004), Hunter & Feller (1987), Hunter (1952), Hunter & Vernberg (1953), Hutton (1964), Huxley (1924), Huxley (1924), Huxley (1927), Huxley (1932), Huxley & Callow (1933), Hwang & Oswald (1982), Hyatt (1973), Hyatt (1974), Hyatt (1975), Hyatt (1977), Hyatt (1977), Hyatt & Salmon (1978), Hyatt & Salmon (1979), Hyatt et al. (1979), Hyman (1920), Hyman (1920), Hyun et al. (2003), Hyun et al. (2007), ICZN (1959), Idaszkin et al. (2013), Ives (1891), Iwaniec et al. (2021), Jacob (1988), Jansen (1970), Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2003), Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2004), Jaroensutasinee & Tantichodok (2002), Jennings & Rainbow (1979), João & Pinheiro (2019), Johnson (1974), Johnson (1985), Johnson (2014), Johnson et al. (1990), Johnston & Bildstein (1986), Johnston & Bildstein (1990), Johnston et al. (1984), Jones (1980), Jones (1968), Jones & Epifanio (1995), Jones & Epifanio (2005), Jones et al. (2011), Josefsson (1983), Juarrero de Varona & Ortiz (2003), Karthikeyan P. (1995), Katz (1980), Kawamura et al. (2020), Keeratipattarakarn et al. (2020), Keller (1977), Keller & Andrew (1973), Kellogg (1929), Kerwin (1971), Kight & George (2018), Kingsley (1878), Kingsley (1879), Kingsley (1880), Kingsley (1880), Kinsella (1974), Kinsella (1988), Klaas & Belisle (1977), Klaassen & Ens (1993), Klein & Lincer (1974), Kleinholz (1936), Kleinholz (1942), Kleinholz (1961), Kleinholz (1970), Kleinholz (1985), Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941), Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941), Kleinholz & Kimball (1965), Kneib et al. (1980), Knopf (1966), Ko & Kim (1989), Kochey (2013), Koretsky et al. (2002), Koretsky et al. (2002), Korte (1966), Kraeuter (1976), Kraeuter & Haven (1970), Kraeuter & Wolf (1974), Kraus (1982), Krebs (1976), Krebs & Burns (1977), Krebs & Valiela (1978), Krebs et al. (1974), Krishnakumaran & Schneiderman (1970), Krishnan (1990), Krishnan (1990), Krishnan (1992), Kuhapong et al. (2021), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1986), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1986), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1987), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1991), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1992), Kulkarni & Milton (1986), Künckel d'Herculaïs (1890), Kunze (1963), Kurata (1970), Kushan (1979), Lacerda (1976), Lacerda & McNamara (1983), Lamarck (1838), Lambert & Crowe (1973), Lambert & Crowe (1976), Lambert & Fingerman (1976), Lambert & Fingerman (1978), Lambert & Epifanio (1982), Land & Layne (1994), Landsperger et al. (1981), Lane & Dodge (1958), Lane & Darnell (2020), Langdon (1971), Latreille (1802-1803), Latreille (1817), Latreille (1820), Lawson (1709), Lawson (1714), Lawson (1860), Lawson (1903), Lawson (1937), Laxmyr (1984), Layne et al. (1997), Le Conte (1855), Lecroisey et al. (1987), Lecroisey & Keil (1985), Lecroy & Wagner-Merner (1976), Lee et al. (1995), Lee & Weis (1980), Lee et al. (1982), Lee et al. (1981), Lee et al. (1981), Lehmann et al. (1974), Leidy (1855), Leidy (1888), Leija-Tristán et al. (1990), Lesser et al. (1976), Lesueur et al. (2013), Levinton & Judge (1993), Levinton et al. (1995), Levinton et al. (1996), Li et al. (2014), Liñán-Cabello et al. (2002), Linnaeus (1758), Linnaeus (1763), Linnaeus (1766), Lira et al. (2006), Little & Epifanio (1991), Liu & Laufer (1996), Lochhead (1961), Lockwood (1967), López-Duarte & Tankersley (2009), Lotz et al. (1995), Low & Ng (2012), Lucu (1990), Luederwaldt (1919), Luo et al. (2015), Luo et al. (2020), Maccagno (1928), Mace & McGraw (1985), Mace & Curran (2011), Macintosh (1978), Macnae (1968), Malzone et al. (1966), Mangum (1973), Mantel & Farmer (1983), Mantel & Levin (1973), Mantel & Olson (1976), Manwell & Baker (1963), Marganian & Wall (1972), Mariappan et al. (2000), Maris (1984), Maris & McConaugha (1983), Markham (2002), Marples (1966), Martin & Rindsberg (2008), Martin & Rindsberg (2010), Martínez (2004), Martins et al. (1959), Mason & Zengel (1996), Mattson & Spaziani (1985), Mattson (1988), Maurer et al. (1978), Mayer (1905), McCarty et al. (1985), McConnell & Shelby (1970), McEnerney & Davis (1979), McFadden & Thurman (2003), McKenney et al. (1996), McMahon & Burggren (1988), McNamara (1981), McNamara & Moreira (1983), McNease & Joanen (1977), Meanley & Wetherbee (1962), Megušar (1908), Megušar (1912), Meiss & Norman (1977), Menzies & George (1972), Meyerriecks (1965), Michaels & Zieman (2013), Miller (1961), Miller (1969), Miller (1973), Miller & Vernberg (1967), Miller & Vernberg (1968), Miller & Maurer (1973), Miller et al. (2013), Milne Edwards (1837), Milne Edwards (1837), Milne Edwards (1852), Milne Edwards (1854), Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923), Minello et al. (1994), Mittenthal (1985), Mohrherr (1987), Mokhlesi et al. (2011), Montague (1980), Moomaw et al. (2018), Moore (1991), Moore et al. (1968), Morgan (1904), Morgan (1920), Morgan (1921), Morgan (1923), Morgan (1923), Morgan (1924), Mraz et al. (2005), Mulstay (1987), Muraoka (1976), Myrberg (1972), Nagabhushanam (1964), Nagabhushanam et al. (1979), Nagabhushanam & Rao (1967), Nagaraju & Reddy (2002), Nakasone (1982), Nalbach et al. (1989), Nässel et al. (1993), Nässel et al. (1991), Naylor (1988), Neck (1987), Ng et al. (2008), Nieto & McClary (2002), Nimmo et al. (1971), Nixon & Oviatt (1973), Nobili (1897), Novak & Salmon (1974), Nunnemacher (1966), O'Brien (1999), Ochs et al. (2020), O'Connor (1987), O'Connor (1989), O'Connor & Epifanio (1985), O'Connor & Judge (2010), Ocorr & Berlind (1983), Odhano et al. (2015), Odhano et al. (2022), Odum (1957), Odum et al. (1969), O'Hara (1973), O'Hara (1973), Ohno et al. (2006), Oliveira (1939), Oliveira (1939), Oliveira & Custódio (1998), Olivier (1811), Olivier (1811), Olsvik et al. (2019), Oney (1954), Ono (1965), Orr (1955), Ortega et al. (2022), Ortmann (1894), Ortmann (1897), Otani et al. (2023), Overstreet (1983), Overstreet & Heard (1978), Packard (1881), Packard (2012), Palmer (1962), Palmer (1963), Palmer (1964), Palmer (1973), Pamatmat (1978), Pardi & Papi (1961), Passano (1953), Passano (1960), Paula (1989), Paula et al. (2004), Paulmier (1905), Pearse (1912), Pearse (1914), Pearse (1914), Pearse (1928), Pearse (1936), Pearse (1947), Pearse (1951), Peer et al. (2015), Peery et al. (1990), Péqueux et al. (1979), Pérez-González (1957), Pérez-Mozqueda et al. (2014), Peters (1955), Peters et al. (2016), Peterson & Howard (1987), Petit & Bildstein (1987), Petrone et al. (2005), Peyton et al. (1964), Pezalla et al. (1978), Pfeiffer (1974), Pitts & Cowley (1974), Plumley et al. (1980), Pope (1995), Pope (1997), Powell (1962), Powers (1973), Powers (1975), Powers (1975), Powers (1977), Powers (1979), Powers & Bliss (1983), Powers & Cole (1976), Prasad et al. (2014), Prieto et al. (2004), Przibram (1905), Przibram (1908), Przibram (1909), Przibram (1917), Qi et al. (2018), Quackenbush (1981), Quackenbush & Fingerman (1984), Quackenbush & Fingerman (1984), Quackenbush & Herrnkind (1981), Quackenbush & Herrnkind (1983), Quackenbush & Keeley (1988), Quattrochi & Lee (1984), Quinn (1980), Rabalais & Cameron (1981), Rabalais & Cameron (1982), Rafinesque (1817), Rao (1978), Rao (1985), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1968), Rao & Brannon (1978), Rao & Fingerman (1968), Rao & Fingerman (1968), Rao & Fingerman (1969), Rao & Fingerman (1970), Rao & Fingerman (1970), Rao & Fingerman (1970), Rao & Fingerman (1975), Rao & Fingerman (1983), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1972), Rao et al. (1987), Rao & Nagabhushanam (1967), Rao & Riehm (1988), Rao & Riehm (1988), Rao & Riehm (1989), Rao et al. (1985), Rathbun (1897), Rathbun (1905), Rathbun (1918), Rathbun (1921), Rathbun (1921), Rathbun (1933), Rathbun (1935), Rathbun (1884), Rawson & DeCoursey (1976), Rebach & French (1996), Reddy & Fingerman (1995), Reddy et al. (1996), Reddy et al. (1997), Reddy et al. (2011), Rees (1962), Reese & George (2018), Reichmuth et al. (2009), Reimold et al. (1975), Reinsel (1991), Reinsel (1992), Reinsel (1993), Reinsel (1994), Reinsel (1995), Richards (1931), Richards (1929), Richards et al. (2011), Richardson et al. (1991), Riegner (1982), Riehm & Rao (1982), Riehm & Rao (1987), Riehm et al. (1985), Ringold (1978), Ringold (1979), Rittschof et al. (1995), Roberts et al. (2015), Roberts et al. (2016), Robertson (1960), Robertson (1980), Robertson (1983), Robertson et al. (1980), Robertson et al. (1981), Robertson & Pfeiffer (1982), Rodríguez et al. (1997), Rodríguez et al. (2000), Rodriguez (1959), Rollin et al. (2023), Rollin et al. (2021), Romero-Rodríguez et al. (2017), Rosenberg (1997), Rosenberg (2000), Rosenberg (2001), Rosenberg (2002), Rosenberg (2013), Rosenberg (2014), Rosenberg (2018), Rosenberg (2019), Rosenberg (2020), Rothe et al. (1991), Rozas & LaSalle (1990), Rulison (2010), Rupp (2004), Rupp (2011), Rupp (2013), Rupp (2013), Rupp (2014), Ruppert & Fox (1988), Rush et al. (2010), Russell & Dierssen (2018), Sadowski et al. (2018), Sakura & Numata (2017), Salmon (1962), Salmon (1965), Salmon (1966), Salmon (1967), Salmon (1971), Salmon (1988), Salmon & Atsaides (1968), Salmon & Atsaides (1968), Salmon & Atsaides (1969), Salmon et al. (1979), Salmon & Horch (1972), Salmon & Horch (1973), Salmon & Horch (1976), Salmon et al. (1977), Salmon & Hyatt (1979), Salmon & Hyatt (1983), Salmon et al. (1978), Salmon & Stout (1962), Salmon & Zucker (1988), Salomon & Graszynski (1982), Sandeen (1950), Sandeen & Costlow (1961), Sandeen et al. (1954), Sandifer (1973), Sandifer (1975), Santoro & Koepp (1986), Saravanan et al. (2018), Sarika & Gopinathan (2014), Sarojini et al. (1995), Sarojini et al. (1993), Sarojini et al. (1995), Sarojini et al. (1995), Sarojini (1966), Sastry (1983), Sastry (1983), Say (1817-1818), Schinca (1992), Schöne (1961), Schöne & Schöne (1963), Schramm (1867), Schreiner & Belanger (2003), Schwartz & Safir (1915), Schwartz & Safir (1915), Schwing (1981), Scott & Mote (1974), Sears (1990), Seed & Hughes (1997), Selander et al. (1971), Sendler (1912), Shafer & Hackney (1987), Shaganas Banu (2007), Shanks (1998), Sharma et al. (1987), Shields et al. (2015), Shih et al. (2016), Shisler & Jobbins (1977), Shivakumar (2008), Shyamal et al. (2015), Silliman et al. (2003), Silverthorn (1973), Silverthorn (1973), Silverthorn (1975), Silverthorn (1975), Silverthorn (1975), Simmons (1957), Simmons (1914), Skinner (1985), Skinner & Graham (1972), Skinner et al. (1985), Skobe & Nunnemacher (1970), Skov & Hartnoll (2001), Smith (2013), Smith (1870), Smith (1870), Smith (1878), Smith & Miller (1973), Smyth (1980), Spencer et al. 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Entries marked with represent indirect references to location through citation.